Fabrício H. Rodrigues
Haroldo Rojas
Mara Abel
Nicolau Santos
A domain ontology for offshore petroleum production plants has been established utilizing BFO as the top-level ontology and incorporating IOF-Core and GeoCore as middle-level ontologies.
Uma ontologia de domínio para plantas de produção de petróleo offshore foi estabelecida utilizando BFO como a ontologia de topo e incorporando IOF-Core e GeoCore como ontologias de nível intermediário.
MIT License Copyright (c) 2025 Nicolau Oyhenard dos Santos Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Offshore Petroleum Production Plant Ontology (O3PO)
Ontologia de Planta de Produção de Petróleo Offshore (O3PO)
A comprehensive domain ontology for modeling offshore petroleum production plants, their components, processes, and operational relationships.
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Institute of Informatics
O3PO provides a comprehensive formal representation of offshore petroleum production systems based on BFO. The ontology follows aristotelian definition patterns as recommended in Barry Smith's 'Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology'.
def. a BFO:Site that occupies a well and is delimited by any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it
The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it.
annulus
anular
def. a two-dimensional continuant faunal boundary
bacia
basin
def. a capability to be operated
being operated capability
capacidade de ser operado
def. A material artifact designed to move gas with a moderate increase of pressure.
Blowers are used to move gas or air. They operate at a pressure ratio between that of a fan and a compressor.
blower
soprador
borehole
def. a BFO:Site that is a boring in the Earth designed to bring oil, gas or water to the surface
A shaft sunk into the ground to obtain water, oil, or gas.
furo do poço
wellbore
def. pressure at the bottom of the well
bottomhole pressure
pressão de fundo
def. a material artifact that is a component of a well and provides structural integrity to the wellbore
casing
revestimento
def. a pump where the rotary motion applies centrifugal force to discharge fluids from the pump
bomba centrífuga
centrifugal pump
def. a valve that restricts flow
choke valve
válvula de choke
def. a quality that represents the position of a choke
choke position
posição do choke
def. a quality that represents the size of a choke
choke size
tamanho do choke
Tree
def. an assembly that is composed of valves and that is located above a well and that is directly or indirectly connected to the well to control the flow of fluids from/into the well
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or 'tree', is an assembly of valves, spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well and other types of wells.
christmas tree
árvore de natal
def. A filter designed to cause liquid aerosols in a gas stream to coalesce into larger droplets for removal.
coalescing filter
filtro coalescente
def. a pressure in a control line
common close control line pressure
pressão de linha de controle comum de fechamento
def. crude oil that is a mixture of light liquid hydrocarbons, similar to a very light crude oil
Condensate is a mixture of light liquid hydrocarbons, similar to a very light (high API) crude oil. It is typically separated out of a natural gas stream at the point of production (field separation) when the temperature and pressure of the gas is dropped to atmospheric conditions.
condensado
condensate
def. a tube that is a small-diameter hydraulic line used to operate downhole completion equipment
A small-diameter hydraulic line used to operate downhole completion equipment such as the surface controlled subsurface safety valve (SCSSV). Most systems operated by control line operate on a fail-safe basis.
control line
linha de controle
def. A heat exchanger designed to reduce the temperature of a process fluid by transferring heat to a cooling medium (air or water).
cooler
resfriador
def. petroleum that exists as a liquid in underground geologic formations and remains a liquid when brought to the surface
crude oil
óleo cru
def. a relational quality that is a pressure difference
delta pressure
diferencial de pressão
FPSO
def. an offshore platform that serves as gathering, processing and storage facilities for fluids produced from subsea wells
Abbreviation for floating production, storage, and offloading vessel. FPSOs are commonly deployed for offshore production in locations that have little infrastructure. They serve as gathering, processing and storage facilities for fluids produced from subsea wells. Processed using equipment on the ship's deck, the fluids are then stored in the ship's hull before they are offloaded to pipelines, barges, or ships.
floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
def. a two-dimensional continuant faunal boundary that is an area where one or more reservoirs, grouped on by the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition, exist in the subsurface with the possibility of sufficient economic benefit worthy of commercial attention for exploration and production of hydrocarbons
campo
field
def. a name that specifically denominates a field
field name
nome do campo
def. A material artifact containing a porous medium or screen designed to remove solid particles or liquid droplets from a fluid stream.
filter
filtro
fluid flow
def. a process that has participant some fluid and the fluid is in continuous movement
The continuous movement characteristic of a liquid or gas.
flow
fluxo
def. a IOF:process characteristic that is volume of fluid which flows per unit of time
The volume of fluid which flows per unit of time
flow rate
vazão
def. a measurement information content entity about flow rate
dado de medição de vazão
flow rate measurement datum
def. a pipeline that carries oil, gas or water that connects the wellhead to a manifold or to a platform
flowline
linha de fluxo
def. a sensor that measures the flow rate of fluids through a pipeline
An instrument that measures the flow rate of fluids through a pipeline.
flowmeter
medidor de vazão
A puddle of water, this particular pile of sand, a barrel of oil.
def. a BFO:Object that is in liquid or gas form and is able to flow in response to external pressure and has no fixed shape
Portion of Substance (e.g., liquid or gas) that tends/is able to flow in response to external pressure and has no fixed shape.
fluid (portion of)
fluido (porção de)
def. A heater designed specifically to raise the temperature of a gas stream, often to prevent hydrate formation during pressure reduction.
Often referred to as a Line Heater in upstream operations.
aquecedor de gás
gas heater
def. a valve used in gas-lift operations
gas-lift valve
válvula de gas-lift
def. A scrubber specifically used to clean a natural gas stream before compression or dehydration.
depurador de gás
gas scrubber
def. A material artifact designed to transfer thermal energy from one fluid to another without them mixing.
heat exchanger
trocador de calor
def. A material artifact designed to raise the temperature of a fluid, typically using an external heat source (combustion or electricity).
aquecedor
heater
válvula de completação inteligente
ICV
inflow control valve
válvula de controle de influxo
def. a pressure quality that inheres in the annular space of an ICV
ICV annular pressure
pressão no anular do ICV
def. a temperature quality that inheres in the annular space of an ICV
ICV annular temperature
temperatura no anular do ICV
def. a pressure quality that represents the pressure difference across an ICV
ICV delta pressure
pressão delta do ICV
def. a flow rate that is a process characteristic of a flow that occurs inside an ICV
the rate of a flow that occurs inside an ICV
ICV flow rate
vazão na ICV
def. a flow rate measurement datum about ICV flow rate determined using the ICV method
ICV flow rate ICV method
vazão da ICV método ICV
def. a flow rate measurement datum about ICV flow rate determined using the IPR (Inflow Performance Relationship) method
ICV flow rate IPR method
vazão da ICV método IPR
def. a flow rate measurement datum about ICV flow rate determined using a reconciled method that combines multiple measurement sources
ICV flow rate reconciled method
vazão da ICV método reconciliado
def. a pressure quality that inheres in the open control line of an ICV
ICV open control line pressure
pressão na linha de controle aberta do ICV
def. a fluid that has role some injection role
Fluid injected by an injection well.
fluido de injeção
injection fluid
def. a flow that has an injection well as participant and is towards a reservoir
Injection of gases or liquids into a reservoir to force oil toward and into producing wells.
injection (process)
injeção (processo)
def. a role borne by a fluid that is being injected into a well
Role assumed by a fluid that is being injected into a well.
injection role
papel de injeção
def. a well where fluids are injected rather than produced, the primary objective typically being to maintain reservoir pressure
injection well
poço de injeção
def. a role borne by a well that injects fluids
injector role
papel de injetor
def. an assembly that has disposition to connect several flowlines and designed to control, distribute and typically monitor fluid flow from or to multiple wells
An arrangement of piping or valves designed to control, distribute and typically monitor fluid flow.
manifold
def. A vessel containing molecular sieve material (zeolites) used for the precise adsorption of water (dehydration) or other impurities from a gas stream.
molecular sieve vessel
vaso de peneira molecular
def. a quality that serves as a linguistic identifier for an entity
name
nome
def. petroleum that is composed of a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide
gás natural
natural gas
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (specially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
def. a material artifact that has a protruding part through which a stream of fluid is directed
bocal
nozzle
def. a role borne by a well used for observation
observation role
papel de observação
Oil and Gas Wells, Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 78, December 2012.
def. a well that bears an observation role
A well used to monitor the operational integrity and conditions in a gas storage reservoir, the reservoir protective area or strata above or below the gas storage horizon.
observation well
poço de observação
def. a manifold that splits the product flow into multiple routes that may feed into an FPSO, refinery and holding tanks concurrently
manifold de término de tubulação
pipeline end manifold
def. A filter designed principally to remove solid particulate matter from a fluid stream.
filtro de particulado
particulate filter
def. the measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it
permeabilidade (qualidade)
permeability (quality)
def. an earth fluid that consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces
petroleum
petróleo
def. an assembly that is necessarily composed of tubes which are connected to one another in a single, maximal/end-to-end line, and that is intended for conveying liquids, gases or finely divided solids
The pipe connection between the well and the separators or tank battery.
pipeline
tubulação
def. an engineered system located at a field
plant
planta
def. a material artifact that is an offshore structure from which a well may be drilled or produced
An offshore structure from which a well may be drilled or produced.
plataforma
platform
def. a type of fluid pump in which the displacement volume of the pump is fixed for each rotation of the pump
bomba de deslocamento positivo
positive-displacement pump
def. a BFO:Quality that corresponds to the degree/intensity of the force applied perpendicular to the surface of a BFO:Material_Entity per unit area over which that force is distributed
A quality that corresponds to the degree/intensity of the force applied perpendicular to the surface of a material entity per unit area over which that force is distributed.
pressure
pressão
def. a pressure measured downstream of a choke
pressure downstream of choke
pressão à jusante do choke
def. a sensor that measures the pressure of a fluid
A device for pressure measurement of gases or liquids.
pressure sensor
sensor de pressão
def. a pressure measured upstream of a choke
pressure upstream of choke
pressão à montante do choke
def. a role borne by a well that produces hydrocarbons
papel de produtor
producer role
def. a fluid that has_role production_role
Fluid produced by a production well.
fluido de produção
production fluid
def. a flow that has a production well as participant and is towards a platform
The yield of an oil or gas well. Also that branch of the petroleum industry that has to do with bringing the well fluids to the surface and separating them, and with storing, gaging, and otherwise preparing the product for the pipeline.
production (process)
produção (processo)
def. a role borne by a fluid that is produced by a well
Role assumed by a fluid that is produced by a well such as natural gas or crude oil that are being produced by a well.
papel de produção
production role
def. a separator that separates production fluids into their constituent components of crude oil, gas and water
The term separator in oilfield terminology designates a pressure vessel used for separating well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. A separator for petroleum production is a large vessel designed to separate production fluids into their constituent components of oil, gas and water.
production separator
separador de produção
def. a well that produces hydrocarbon in commercial quantities
poço de produção
production well
def. a reservoir or a section of a reservoir that is drilled into and from which hydrocarbons are produced or into which fluids are injected
production zone
zona de produção
def. a material artifact that moves fluids or fluid-like amounts (e.g., slurries) by increasing pressure of the fluid or pressure difference in a fluid flow
Device that moves (e.g., transfer, deliver, compress) fluids (e.g., liquids, gases) or fluid-like amounts (e.g., slurries) by increasing pressure.
bomba
pump
def. a rock that contains one or more individual and separate natural accumulations of petroleum that is confined (the oil, not the reservoir) by impermeable rock
A rock (defined in GeoCore) containing one or more individual and separate natural accumulations of petroleum that is confined (the oil, not the reservoir) by impermeable rock.
reservatório
reservoir
def. a role borne by a reservoir
papel de reservatório
reservoir role
def. a pipeline that vertically carries fluids or fluid-like amounts or artifacts (e.g., cables, pipes) and that connects a wellhead or a manifold on the seafloor to a platform
def. a role that has bearer some pipeline
Pipe or pipeline that vertically carries materials (e.g., production fluids, drilling mud, drilling cuttings) or artifacts (e.g., cables, pipes) and that connects a wellhead or a manifold on the seafloor to a production and/or drilling platform.
Pipe through which liquid travels upward.
papel de riser
riser
riser role
def. A vessel designed to remove liquid droplets or solid particles from a gas stream using gravity, impingement, or centrifugal force.
scrubber
vaso depurador
def. offshore platform that can be used for drilling, workover operations, and production platforms, depending on the equipment with which they are equipped
A particular type of floating vessel that is supported primarily on large pontoon-like structures submerged below the sea surface. The operating decks are elevated perhaps 100 or more feet above the pontoons on large steel columns. Semisubmersibles can operate in a wide range of water depths, including deep water.
semissubmersível
semisubmersible
Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smart phone (which acts as Platform). Other examples of Sensors include the human eyes.
def. a material artifact that generates a result in response to some stimulus (e.g., a change in its environment) or input data from results of prior observations, with such result corresponding to the measurement of a physical property
A device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing of a physical phenomenon.
sensor
def. a material artifact that facilitates the separation of gas, oil, and/or water from a produced fluid stream
A production treating vessel designed to facilitate the separation of gas, oil, and/or water from a produced fluid stream.
separador
separator
subsea christmas tree
def. a christmas tree that is projected to work at subsea
subsea tree
árvore de natal molhada
PT-001, TT-102, PCV-205
def. an identifier used in industrial contexts to uniquely reference equipment, instruments, or systems within a plant
Tags follow standardized naming conventions (e.g., ISA-5.1) to ensure consistency across engineering documentation.
etiqueta
tag
def. a BFO:Quality that corresponds to the degree/intensity of the thermal energy of a BFO:Material_Entity
A quality that corresponds to the degree/intensity of the thermal energy of a material entity.
temperatura
temperature
def. a temperature measured downstream of a choke
temperatura à jusante do choke
temperature downstream of choke
def. a sensor that measures the temperature of a fluid
A device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient (the degree of hotness or coldness of an object).
sensor de temperatura
temperature sensor
def. a temperature measured upstream of a choke
temperatura à montante do choke
temperature upstream of choke
def. a separator that is used to separate and meter relatively small quantities of oil and gas
A vessel used to separate and meter relatively small quantities of oil and gas. Test separators can be two-phase or three-phase, or horizontal, vertical or spherical. They can also be permanent or portable.
separador de teste
test separator
duct
pipe
tubular
def. a material artifact that is long, enclosed and hollow and that acts as a passageway to carry different sorts of things (e.g., fluids, cables, other ducts)
Functional Object / Material Artifact that is enclosed and hollow and that acts as a passageway to carry different sorts of things (e.g., fluids, cables, other ducts).
tube
tubo
def. a pipeline that is inside a well
coluna de produção
tubing
def. a pressure measured at the downhole location of tubing
pressão de fundo do tubing
tubing downhole pressure
def. a temperature measured at the downhole location of tubing
temperatura de fundo do tubing
tubing downhole temperature
def. a role borne by a pipeline that is inside a well
papel de tubing
tubing role
def. a functional complex that controls flow of fluids or fluid-like amounts (e.g., slurries, fluidized solids)
Device that controls (e.g., permits, obstructs, regulates, directs) a stream/flow of fluids (e.g., gases, liquids) or fluid-like amounts (e.g., slurries, fluidized solids).
valve
válvula
flow rate, pressure, temperature
def. an information content entity that represents a measurable attribute or parameter that can change over time in a production system
variable
variável
def. A closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.
vaso
vessel
def. a quality that represents the amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a fluid
volume
def. an earth fluid that has chemical formula H2O and is inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance
Water (chemical formula H2O) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms.
water
água
def. a material artifact that is used to produce hydrocarbons or inject fluids and is located in a wellbore
A well that has been drilled, cased and cemented and is ready to produce hydrocarbons.
poço
well
production rate of a well, injection rate of a well
def. the flow rate that has only crude oil and water as participants and occurs in a well
vazão líquida do poço
well liquid rate
def. a well flow rate measured at in-situ (reservoir) conditions
vazão de líquido do poço em condições de reservatório
well liquid rate in-situ conditions
def. a well flow rate measured at standard conditions
vazão de líquido do poço em condições padrão
well liquid rate standard conditions
def. a name that specifically denominates a well
nome do poço
well name
def. a quality that represents the operational status of a well as a boolean value
flag de status do poço
well status flag
def. an assembly that is located at the top of the casing strings of a well and that provide pressure control of a well, and the means for hanging and isolating the various tubular strings
An equipment (or assembly) located to the top of the casing strings of a well that provide pressure control of a well, and the means for hanging and isolating the various tubular strings.
cabeça do poço
wellhead
def. a pressure measured at the wellhead
pressão na cabeça do poço
wellhead pressure
def. a temperature measured at the wellhead
temperatura na cabeça do poço
wellhead temperature
def. a part of relation that holds between two material entities
component of
componente de
conectado a
connected to
Relation between two things which have a fluid exchange connection
exchanges fluid with
troca fluido com
Relation from a thing feeding fluid to the thing it is feeding fluid to.
alimenta fluido para
feeds fluid to
has component
tem componente
def. a relation between a flow rate and a float value representing the volumetric flow magnitude
Flow rate typically expressed in cubic meters per day (m³/d) or barrels per day (bbl/d).
has flow rate value
tem valor de vazão
Relation from a thing that is fed fluid to the thing feeding the fluid.
has fluid fed by
tem fluido alimentado por
Relation between a thing that has fluid returned to it and the thing returning the fluid.
has fluid returned by
tem fluido retornado por
Relation between a thing that has fluid supplied to it and the thing supplying the fluid.
has fluid supplied by
tem fluido fornecido por
def. to introduce (something) into a passage, cavity, or solid material under pressure
injects
injeta
def. inverse of injects
is injected by
é injetado por
def. inverse of produces
is produced by
é produzido por
def. inverse of separates
is separated by
é separado por
def. inverse of treats
is treated by
é tratado por
def. a relation between a sensor and a quality that the sensor is designed to measure
measures
mede
Relation implying logical return flow from a thing to another.
retorna fluido para
returns fluid to
Relation implying logical supply flow from a thing to another.
fornece fluido para
supplies fluid to
def. the action of transporting something or the state of being transported
transporta
transports
def. to apply a process or a substance to (something) to protect or preserve it or to give it particular properties
trata
treats